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Character-Manipulation Functions: CONCAT, SUBSTR, LENGTH, INSTR, LPAD/RPAD, TRIM, REPLACE.Case-Manipulation Functions: LOWER, UPPER, INITCAP.There are two distinct types of SQL functions:ġ) Single-Row functions: These functions operate on a single row to give one result per row.Ģ) Multiple-Row functions: These functions operate on groups of rows to give one result per group of rows.Ĩ) Explain the character, number, and date function in detail?Ĭharacter functions: accept character input and return both character and number values. SQL functions can take arguments but always return some value.1
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SQL Functions are a very powerful feature of SQL. Has a dash (-) as a continuation character if the command is longer than one lineħ) What are SQL functions? Describe in brief different types of SQL functions? 5) What is the difference between SQL and iSQL*Plus? SQLĬharacter and date column headings are left-justified and number column headings are right-justified.ĭefault heading justification is in the Centre. Date and character literals must be enclosed within single quotation marks (‘ ‘), number literals need not.įor exp: Select last_name||’ is a’||job_id As “emp details” from the employee (Here “is a” is a literal). 4) What is a Literal? Give an example of where it can be used?Ī Literal is a string that can contain a character, a number, or a date that is included in the SELECT list and that is not a column name or a column alias. “ AS” Keyword before the alias name makes the SELECT clause easier to read.įor example Select emp_name AS name from employee (Here AS is a keyword and “name” is an alias). Enclose the alias in double quotation marks (“ “) to make it case-sensitive. By default column, alias headings appear in upper case. Transaction Control Statements: COMMIT, ROLLBACK, SAVEPOINTĭata Manipulation Language (DCL): GRANT, REVOKEĪlias is a user-defined alternative name given to the column or table.
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There are 5 different types of SQL statements.ĭata Manipulation Language (DML): INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, MERGEĭata Definition Language (DDL): CREATE, ALTER, DROP, RENAME, TRUNCATE. SQL is a language used to communicate with the server to access, manipulate, and control data. SQL stands for Structured Query Language. Oracle PL SQL Interview Questions for Beginners 1) What is the difference between PL SQL and SQL?Ģ) What is SQL and also describe types of SQL statements?
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